Another goal is to enable the use of KEMs in higher-level protocols such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) and in cryptographic schemes such as Hybrid Public Key Encryption (HPKE). One goal of the proposal is to enable applications to use KEM algorithms such as the RSA Key Encapsulation Mechanism (RSA-KEM), the Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES), and candidate algorithms for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization process. An API for key encapsulation mechanisms, an encryption technique for securing symmetric keys via public cryptography.This change will move the Java platform closer to integrity by default. With JDK 21, plans call for requiring dynamic loading of agents to be approved by the application owner, just as has been required with the startup-time loading of agents.
JDK 5 required agents to be specified on the command line, to ensure that the owner of an application approved the use of agents.
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There also is nothing to stop an agent from altering code outside the application, such as code in the JDK itself. While agents were designed with benign instrumentation in mind, advanced developers found use cases, such as aspect-oriented programming, that change application behavior in arbitrary ways. An agent is a component that can alter application code while the application is running these were introduced by the Java Platform Profiling Architecture in JDK 5 in 2004 as a way for tools (notably profilers) to instrument classes. The plan also calls for aligning the ability to load agents dynamically with other so-called “superpower” capabilities such as deep reflection. Other goals of the proposal include reassessing the balance between serviceability, which involves ad hoc changes to running code, and integrity, which assumes running code is not arbitrarily changed, and ensuring that the majority of tools, which do not need to load agents dynamically, are unaffected. These warnings are intended to prepare for a future release that disallows the dynamic loading of agents by default, in order to improve integrity by default.
Goals of the plan include ease of use, comprehensibility, robustness, and performance. A scoped value allows data to be safely shared between components in a large program without resorting to method arguments.
Thread-local variables have design flaws including unconstrained mutability, unbounded lifetime, and expensive inheritance. They are preferred to thread-local variables, particularly when using large numbers of virtual threads. Scoped values, also in preview, will enable the sharing of immutable data within and across threads.Goals of structured concurrency include promoting a style of concurrent programming that can eliminate common risks arising from cancellation and shutdown, such as thread leaks and cancellation delays, along with improving the observability of concurrent code. The only significant change this time around is that the StructuredTaskScope::Fork(…) method returns a rather than a Future. Structured concurrency previously was incubated in JDK 20 and JDK 19, released in March and September 2022 respectively it is to be featured as a preview API in the package. This streamlines error handling and cancellation, improving reliability and enhancing observability. Structured concurrency, in a preview stage, simplifies concurrent programming via an API for structured concurrency, treating groups of related tasks running in different threads as a single unit of work.
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